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Organic peroxides are chemical compounds whose structure contains the -O-O- functional group, known as a peroxide bond, attached to an organic molecule. These compounds are highly reactive because of the weakness of the peroxide bond, which makes them useful in a wide range of industrial applications. However, they are also sensitive materials that require careful handling, as some can be flammable or explosive under certain conditions.
Properties of organic peroxides
- High chemical reactivity: their ability to release active oxygen makes them ideal as initiators of chemical reactions.
- Heat sensitivity: their stability can be affected by heat, light or certain catalysts.
- Oxidising capacity: their oxidising potential makes them useful in specific applications such as bleaching or polymerisation.
What are organic peroxides used for?
1. Polymerisation initiators
One of the main uses of organic peroxides is as initiators in polymerisation processes, where they help convert monomers (such as ethylene, propylene or styrene) into polymers (plastics and rubbers). This process is essential in the production of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester resins.
2. Bleaching in the textile and paper industries
Organic peroxides are used in bleaching processes to remove impurities and improve the appearance of textiles and paper, thanks to their ability to release active oxygen.
3. Pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries
In the manufacture of medicines and cosmetic products, some organic peroxides are used as oxidising agents or for specific syntheses.
4. Manufacture of explosives and specialised products
In certain applications, organic peroxides are used in the manufacture of controlled explosives or in advanced chemical processes that require highly reactive reactions.
5. Preservation and sterilisation
Some organic peroxides are used in sterilisation processes to disinfect medical equipment, food and drinking water.
Handling and storage of organic peroxides
It is essential to keep them under safe conditions to avoid the risk of thermal decomposition, unwanted reactions or fire-related accidents. Some key storage guidelines include:
- Controlled temperature: organic peroxides must be stored at specific temperatures to prevent decomposition.
- Ventilated, isolated spaces: warehouses must have adequate ventilation and be kept away from heat sources or incompatible materials.
- Certified containers: approved packaging must be used to minimise the risk of spills or breakage.
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